Spillovers and proximity in perspective: a network approach to improving the operationalisation of proximity

--

Chinese regional innovation systems in times of crisis: the case of Guangdong

The dynamic economic development of Guangdong province is one of the most prominent examples of China's catch-up in the course of the past two decades. Once chosen as the nation's first experimental field for the market economy, the province continued to participate above average in national economic growth ever since. Up to today, it maintains a leading position with regard to general industrial performance and average personal income. As China's industry begins to embark on a path of technological up-grading, however, this pre-eminent position begins to be challenged. In the nation's emerging fields of strength, the province's rivals, Beijing and Shanghai, are in a better starting position since they are better endowed with both R&D capacities and qualified human capital. In this context, our paper illustrates the resulting challenges by means of a number of specialized indicators and explains why, despite a continously impres-sive export performance in the high-tech sectors, Guangdong is far from well prepared to maintain its current position. Finally, it briefly describes the policy responses that have been developed, concluding that despite clear evidence of progress some key issues with regard to regional innovation policy appear to remain unaddressed. --

Managing the interface between public sector applied research and technological development in the Chinese enterprise sector

China's technological capabilities are emerging rapidly and the country will become a major challenger to established nations in terms of R&D and innovation in the near future. For the moment, however, contradictory signals emerge from the Chinese economy leaving experts pondering about the country's true potential for technological upgrading on a broad scale. The integration of the domestic research system, international technology transfer, and technological development remains limited to a few high-tech companies, while large segments of the domestic private sector have limited access to knowledge and technologies to upgrade their activities. --China,Guangdong,interface,knowledge supply,knowledge demand,regional innovation system,science-industry relations

Indicator-based reporting on the Chinese innovation system 2010: The regional dimension of science and innovation in China

As regularly stated by both international scholars and confirmed by the Chinese government itself socio-economic development in China remains highly uneven both sociologically and regionally. Conventional wisdom holds that the prevailing economic trend remains one of divergence rather than convergence. While the world-market oriented coastal provinces develop dynamically, the inland and certainly the Western provinces keep lagging behind. Nonetheless, after a number of years with increasing government proclamations regarding the objective of a harmonious society and efforts to develop the inland provinces there is no longer a unanimous trend, particularly with regard to activities under the direct or indirect control of government. Hence, it appears reasonable to analyse to what extent these general trends with regard to the regional distribution of socio-economic development affect the different dimensions of relevance to science and innovation. Consequently, it will be a key aspect of this study to focus on the development of the regional concentration of different R&D activities, thus addressing the question whether the Chinese innovation system is becoming more heterogeneous or less so. The following sections will follow the R&D process through from R&D-related investments to its eventual possible effects on the national export performance. In detail, it will analyse the regional dimension of R&D activities... --

“Formal and informal networkedness among German Academics”: exploring the role of conferences and co-publications in scientific performance

This paper builds on the established finding that the performance of scholars depends on their interpersonal networks. Until now, these networks have largely been measured by analysing the credits and acknowledgements on their publications, especially their co-authorships. First, it seeks to clarify inconsistencies in existing findings by providing a comprehensive analysis of the effects of co-authorship among the overall population of actively publishing researchers from Germany. Second, it acknowledges that co-publication is only one very formal and explicit form of academic networking and develops a new indicator based on an academic’s inferred co-presence at conferences. Comparing the impact of these two different aspects of networkedness, we find that hierarchy and influence play a stronger role in determining a scientist’s performance in the context of informal networks than they do when considering formal co-publication networks

Relating popularity on Twitter and Linkedin to bibliometric indicators of visibility and interconnectedness: an analysis of 8512 applied researchers in Germany

We analyse the degree to which the popularity of scientific authors on Twitter and LinkedIn corresponds to publication-based indicators as to their visibility and interconnectedness. Departing from the extant literature’s focus on the visibility of individual papers, we turn to the popularity of individuals on social media platforms. We explore whether this popularity is reflected in the visibility that researchers achieve and the collaborations they maintain in the publication domain. Studying a large sample of applied researchers in Germany, we find congruence between researchers’ popularity on social media, and both their visibility and interconnectedness in the publication domain. Comparing the effects of Twitter and LinkedIn engagement, we furthermore find that the characteristics of this relationship are associated with the intended function of the social media platform in which researchers engage. We conclude that social media platforms are a relevant channel of academic communication, alongside existing channels of formal and informal exchange

Experimental Investigation of a 7 by 7 Nozzle Jet Array for Dynamic Impingement Cooling

Dynamic impingement cooling is a promising way for more efficient exploitation of cooling air in highly heat charged environments. In many applications the deployed impinging jets are subjected to crossflow superimposed on the flow field of the transverse jets. The present study describes the initial experimental investigations regarding dynamic heat transfer between a flat surface and an array of 49 impingement jets, which are dynamically controlled by changing frequency, duty cycle and phasing. A new test rig was designed and manufactured in order to investigate the interactions of impingement jets and their impact on heat transfer. The test rig satisfies the needs of different measurement techniques. Surface measurements using pressure sensors, thermocouples, hot wires, hot films and liquid crystal thermography are planned for investigating the interactions near the wall. Furthermore, the test rig is suitable for efficient flow field measurements between jet orifices and impingement plate using particle image velocimetry. Parallel to the test rig development, time resolved PIV measurements have been performed in the test section of a recirculating free-surface water tunnel in order to investigate the influence of cross flow superimposed to periodically generated vortex rings impinging on a flat plate. The central goal of these preliminary testing is to understand under which formation conditions periodically generated vortex rings in cross flow have the ability to maximize the transport of vorticity close to the wall. First results are presented and discussed.DFG, 200291049, SFB 1029: TurbIn - Signifikante Wirkungsgradsteigerung durch gezielte, interagierende Verbrennungs- und Strömungsinstationaritäten in Gasturbine

Clusterpolitik: Kriterien für die Evaluation von regionalen Clusterinitiativen

--

Technology sovereignty as an emerging frame for innovation policy. Defining rationales, ends and means

In recent years, global technology-based competition has not only intensified, but become increasingly linked to a more comprehensive type of competition between different political and value systems. The globalist assumptions of the post-Cold War era that reliable mutually beneficial agreements could be reached with all nations, regardless of ideology, have been shattered. A previously less visible, mostly political, risk dimension has been brought to the fore by recent geopolitical and geo-economic developments. Against this background, the notion of technology sovereignty has gained prominence in national and international debates, cutting across and adding to established rationales of innovation policy. In this paper, we propose and justify a concise yet nuanced concept of technology sovereignty to contribute to and clarify this debate. In particular, we argue that technology sovereignty should be conceived as state-level agency within the international system, i.e. as sovereignty of governmental action, rather than (territorial) sovereignty over something. Against this background, we define technology sovereignty not as an end in itself, but as a means to achieving the central objectives of innovation policy - sustaining national competitiveness and building capacities for transformative policies. By doing so, we position ourselves between a naive globalist position which largely neglects the risks of collaboration and the promotion of near autarky which disregards the inevitable costs of creating national redundancies and reducing cooperative interdependencies. We finish by providing a set of policy suggestions to support technology sovereignty in line with our conceptual approach